In contemporary discourse, different conceptions of the conscience abound. Aquinas and Calvin had similar yet distinct accounts of the conscience and its role in Christian ethical formation. Upon close inspection, both struggle to account fully and consistently for the effects of the fall and its impact on human reason. In response to some of the weaknesses observed in these accounts, Bonhoeffer’s reflections on the conscience offer a more helpful way forward that accounts for the Fall’s effects on human rationality. In (...) addition, his work also offers guidelines for navigating the internal voices and concerns of fallen humanity, ultimately pointing the Christian to the Word of Christ as the final judge and justifier. Finally, his formulations can provide a fuller set of instructions for people doing the spiritual disciplines and navigating their internal world in prayer. (shrink)